The sensitivity of this noninvasive method for determining the electron beam properties improves when synchrotron light of shorter wavelength and higher brightness is used. The proof-of-principle measurements in IOTA were performed in the near-infrared synchrotron light spectrum range. Still, our research group was able to measure them, and we showed that this information can be used to gain insights into the electron beam’s properties, such as its dimensions and divergence - a measure of spread in directions of motion of the electrons in the beam. ![]() The fluctuations are very small, below 0.1% (root-mean-square). Just as in the two-electron case, the turn-to-turn fluctuations of the billion electrons’ radiation intensity still exist, and for the same reasons. The IOTA storage ring, hosted by the Department of Energy’s Fermilab, can store a billion electrons. If we record the detected synchrotron light intensity at every revolution in a storage ring, we will observe slight fluctuations of its magnitude from turn to turn because the relative positions of the two electrons change. As it was discovered in 1947, when high-energy electrons are forced to travel in a curved path, they emit light, known as synchrotron radiation. In general, the intensity can range from zero (destructive interference) to some maximum value (constructive interference).Ĭonsider two high-energy electrons circulating in a particle storage ring, such as the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator at Fermilab. It is a well-known phenomenon called optical interference. The detected intensity from two coherent point-like light sources depends on their relative positions. The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator ring at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology facility, also known as FAST.
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